The purpose of this work is to conduct a detailed analysis of buoyancy and design features of the underwater vehicle and to prepare proposals for its construction. To achieve the goal different methods of analysis were used: analysis of existing projects, analysis of the underwater vehicle theory of buoyancy, analysis of previous research studies on streamlining of body shape and strength. In this paper authors studied the structure of the underwater vehicle and developed recommendations for the design and construction, suggestions for ballast tanks use. For the efficient use of the underwater vehicle, depths were divided into categories. The study, based on analysis and previous experience of the underwater vehicles, were developed basic theoretical dimensions. Also in the analysis explored the underwater vehicle is a float, submerging and surfacing. Categories of the underwater vehicles allocated on the basis of previous analysis of world achievements in the development of underwater vehicle. Main objectives of designed underwater vehicle are inspection of underwater parts of ship hull, inspection of soil and other underwater objects in port using photo and video techniques. To achieve its mission, the underwater vehicle must possess certain characteristics. The main factor to determine the behavior of the underwater vehicle in a variety of sea conditions, are buoyancy, stability, maneuvering and rolling resistance. Considering the analysis of buoyancy and structural features of the underwater vehicle the tendency around the world, the Authors according to the prior direction of states science development – Innovative materials and technologies start the research on designing underwater vehicle for ship underwater hull survey.