The environmental quality and its changes over time depends on people knowledge on environmental issues, such as water and air pollution, waste management, efficient use of energy. Currently one of the most important contemporary environmental challenges is climate change, which is substantially affected by the efficient use of energy resources and energy management. According to the final energy consumption data, the largest energy consumer in Latvia is household sector. It means that also high energy efficiency potential can be referred to this sector. With this potential it would be possible to achieve significant improvements in environmental quality. The usage of the potential is closely related to the efficient use of energy in dwellings, that mainly depends on the residents’ attitude towards environmental and energy efficiency issues in general.