The role of the region has changed historically - from a geographical territory to a planning region, the competence of which is to enhance the development of the region for achieving the average EU development indicators in the gross domestic product (GDP), the unemployment level and other indicators affecting welfare nowadays. The research clarifies theoretical aspects of the regional policy, summarises the outcomes of the regional policy implementation in the regions of Latvia. Macroeconomic indicators of the regions of Latvia, such as changes in the population amount, the gross domestic product (GDP) produced in the regions, are analysed.