In this article, the architecture of hemp fibres as a source of high strength cellulose is analyzed. In the experimental part, steam explosion technology is applied to disintegrate technical hemp fibres to elementary fibres with the aim to find out the best procedure, without resort to environmentally harmful chemical pre-treatments, to solving the problems on further nano-level environmentally friendly hemp cellulose disintegration. Influence of pre-treatment intensity, steam explosion process temperature and pressure are investigated on disintegration level of fibres of hemp variety Bialobrzeskie, and the acquired results are discussed.