Doctor of chemical sciences, professor, academician of the Acamedy of Science of Latvian SSR, the author of more than 200 well-known works on chemistry, Lidiya Karlovna Lepin (born 1891, St Petersburg – died 1985, Riga), belonged to the bright generation of Russian women scientists, which is the first in the history of our country was right to engage in professional research and development activities. In the early twentieth century in Higher Women Courses in Moscow, where women could gain knowledge in the volume rate of high school. Successfully completing this education before the start of the revolutionary upheavals of 1917, is one of the developers of the first Russian gas mask. In the interwar period she worked in many universities of Moscow. In 1934 Lidiya became a professor, and in 1937 the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences awarded her the degree of Doctor of Science without thesis. In the postwar period, she worked at the University of Latvia and the Riga Polytechnic Institute. She was awarded the State Prize for research in the field of corrosion in the Republic of Latvia.