Dissertation examines monitoring and diagnostic methods for railway automatic and telematic system relay elements. The first part examines general questions build subsystems for monitoring and diagnosis of automation systems; optimization of service based on diagnostic; optimization criteria for diagnostic subsystems; existing tools used in diagnosis for relay interlocking and blocking devices and this development; reliability of systems, subsystems, and components; the advantages of using the build cluster systems. The second part examines issues related to the processing subsystem information monitoring and diagnostics; the mathematical technique of transfer from physical parameters to numeric valueless; optimization of the service; faulty tree analysis; technical state of the elements by using the date function and status parameters. The third part examines monitoring and diagnostic methods of electromechanical relay; considers the separation of elements according to their degree of reliability and suitability for diagnosis; transients in the winding of impulse relay; influence of the presence and condition of the anchors on the electromagnetic field; method of diagnosing the state of electromechanical systems in real time; implementation technology of additional equipment. The fourth part examines monitoring and diagnostic of electromechanical code transmitter; prototype of electronic analogue for electromechanical transmitter; general requirements for electronic equipment in high-risk processes; the principle of building for electronic transmitter; calculation of reliability and safety of a prototype; evaluation results of numeric criteria for reliability and safety. The fifth part examine monitoring and diagnostic method for maintenance free battery; battery mode in power supply circuit; measuring accuracy of internal resistance of battery; conditions improve the accuracy of estimates of internal resistance; realization of diagnostic method for battery using a tracing load generator and this advantages. Dissertation is written in 175 pages has an introduction, a 5 chapters, 78 figures, 10 photos, 69 formulas, 14 tables, list of reviewed literature and patents, 11appendix.