The article „Pedagogy Department of the University of Latvia under two occupation (1940 – 1953)” is written on the basis of the archive materials of Latvia and looks upon the pedagogy studies and the fates of the professors of pedagogy at the University of Latvia during the period of Nazi Germany (1941 – 1944) and the periods of Soviet occupation (1940 – 1941 and from 1944 till the end of Stalinism era in 1953). The authors have studied the release of pedagogy professors from work during the occupation periods and replacing them with “missionaries” brought in from the Soviet Union who made the content of pedagogy studies in Latvia according to Soviet ideology and the unified curricula and text books developed in Moscow. The studies of Nazi occupation period revealed the hopes and activities of University professors in improving the pedagogy studies which were not to come true. Students had to suffer in the regimes of both the totalitarian regimes because the diplomas issued by the previous powers were not acknowledged thus they had to repeat their studies. As the performed study proves both the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union have defined their interests in the occupied countries differently, however, the actions of both the totalitarian powers in the reality turned out to be rather similar: the academic freedom of the professors was threatened or liquidated and the content of pedagogy studies was made very political.