Results of fibre content of variety Bialobrzeskie before and after hydrothermal treatment with NaOH solution have been compared. The production and properties of hemp nonwovens made by carding and hydroentangling also are reported. The samples of hydroentangled hemp fibers (varieties Purini, Bialobrzeski) have been characterised to determine their dimensional properties, water vapour transmission, pore size distribution, thermal properties in order to assess their suitability as alternative insulation materials.