Recent natural disasters and major technological incidents as well as intensification of human activities prove the strategic necessity for the effective use of results of natural and technological object monitoring and its integration within the national economic processes. This book presents main results achieved within the research project 2.1/ EL RI‑184/2011/14 “Integrated Intelligent Platform for Monitoring the Cross-Border Natural-Technological Systems” (IN FROM) as part of “Estonia – Latvia – Russia Cross- Border Cooperation Programme within European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument 2007–2013”, from both theoretical and implementation perspectives. The project aims to improve the integrated monitoring and control of cross-border complex systems, which contain natural, technological and social elements, in normal and emergency situations based on heterogeneous data received from space and ground-based information sources. Nowadays, monitoring and control methods are applicable only for specific Natural Technological Systems (NTSs). As a result, statistical information about existing systems is not well coordinated. This drawback becomes more evident in emergency situations, when effective decisions must be taken within a short period of time while different information flows have to be analysed. Monitoring information regarding incidents and disasters is received typically from different facilities (e. g., biometric systems, aerospace systems, etc.), and, therefore, it is heterogeneous in nature (e. g., electrical signals, audio and video information, text, etc.). Since modern NTSs are very complex and multi-functional objects, their monitoring and control should be performed in conditions of large-scale heterogeneous datasets. Nowadays, the monitoring and control processes of NTSs are still not completely automated. The IN FROM project addresses the problem of integrated monitoring and control of cross-border natural-technological systems in normal and emergency situations, based on the analysis of heterogeneous data received from both space and ground-based facilities. The overall objective of the project is to develop a universal common intelligent platform for unifying efforts of specialists from Russia and Latvia to protect the environment and natural resources, based on the integrated space-ground monitoring. The project results achieved provide a unified approach to the integrated monitoring and control of complex systems based on the analysis of heterogeneous data received from space and ground-based facilities, by using different types of models (i. e., analytical, algorithmic, mixed) to model behaviour of these systems. In order to select and develop an appropriate model, techniques for estimation of the model quality and its adjustment to a real application are enrolled. The book is recommended to the professionals responsible for monitoring of complex natural and technological objects and researchers working in this area. 12 The book contains a list of authors, a preface, four chapters as well as lists of abbreviations, figures and tables, and a summary. Each chapter is provided with references. The preface gives a short overview of the INFROM project objectives and briefly describes contents of the book. Chapter 1 presents the state of the art in the development of computationally efficient and user-centred geospatial monitoring, analysis and modelling framework that allows processing and integration of remotely sensed data at different spatial and time scales, as well as modelling and simulation for assessment of possible future development scenarios of the monitored and analysed natural and technological objects. Chapter 2 provides an insight into the advanced innovative information technologies for integrated space and ground-based monitoring of complex systems containing natural, technological and social elements. Chapter 3 describes an integrated distributed network framework introduced in the project and the developed infrastructures. It also presents support tools for intelligent space and ground-based monitoring of river floods, integrated forest monitoring, including forest taxation and evaluating forest fire safety conditions and tools for information processing of water pollution. Demonstration cases to prove functionality of the proposed technology platform, developed information processing and decision support tools are introduced in Chapter 4. These demonstration cases provide simulation-based Daugava River flood forecasting; integrated forest monitoring at Madona municipality and in Pskov region as well as monitoring of oil pollution in the Gulf of Finland and the overgrowing of Lubans Lake. Finally, concluding remarks are provided in the summary. We would like to express our gratitude to all project participants contributed to the preparation of this book as well as to representatives of the target groups actively participated in the implementation of the IN FROM project. We are also pleased to acknowledge great support provided by colleagues from the institutions, involved into project implementation, in particular, project partners – Riga Technical University (Latvia) and St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), as well as project associate partners in Latvia (Latvian Transport Development and Education Association, and Diplomatic Economic Club) and Russia (Committee on IT and Communications, Government of the City of St. Petersburg). Our special thanks for the permanent support in searching for new approaches, developing new methods, algorithms and software tools in order to implement them, and finally for demonstrating efficiency of the developed methods and tools in particular demonstration cases go to the project Advisory Board and personally to its Chair Dr. Jānis Lelis. We would also like to acknowledge the valuable and professional support of the Joint Technical Secretariat of Estonia – Latvia – Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme officers during the project implementation and preparation of this book.