The book contains a brief outline of the development of aviation science and technology in Latvia in the XX century, beginning with the first flights of aircraft. It presents the main directions of development of aviation science, industrial realization of the results, the role of leading scientists and scientific schools created in Riga research centers: in higher aviation educational institutions, research institutions of civil aviation, as well as their relationship with the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR and other scientific centers of the republic and the Soviet Union as a whole. Contents Chapter is based on the analysis of publications, new technical solutions derived from research and invention, a list of which accompanies each chapter of the book, as well as submissions from managers and employees of scientific fields.