People face various degrees of exposure to nanoparticles—both natural and caused by human activity (engineered and non-engineered nanoparticles)—on a daily basis. However, there is still a lack of both theoretical and practical understanding of the impact of nanoparticles on human health and possible mechanisms of their interaction with biological objects. Recent developments in the use of nanotechnology and discussions about it in the scientific community have resulted in the new science of nanotoxicology, specializing in research on nanodevices and nanostructures in living organisms (Sellers et al., 2009). In order to determine the potential risks and safe levels of human exposure to nanoparticles, it is necessary to develop reliable methodologies for the identification of potential hazards.