The present research aims at identifying the characteristics of the environmental due diligence process in Latvia in the case of alienation of real estate, as well as at determining the mandatory and voluntary procedures of real estate investigation to be conducted in the event of alienation of real estate — determination of the liability of the alienor or the acquirer of land-based property rights, possible compulsory acquisition of real estate for public purposes, transactions in specially protected areas, existing or potential environmental pollution level, reliable land and cadastre register operation, as well as spatial planning, energy performance certification, flood, noise, air pollution, and other risks.