The Doctoral Thesis in a complex way addresses the most useful identification of energy resources and economic products of hemp or industrial hemp, (Cannabis sativa L.) under particular economic, geopolitical and environmental conditions, their sustainable cultivation opportunities, and the sustainability of the hemp ecosystem as a whole, ensuring that the bioeconomy principles are respected. In the Thesis, the author has used a top-down hierarchical method: the field of hemp use being in the top, and the selection of the most appropriate hemp variety for cultivation and the identification and the use of invasive plant species developing in parallel to intensive farming, including intensive cultivation of hemp, in the bottom.