Changes are expected in the Tobacco Excise Directive, setting separate tax categories for e-cigarettes, heated tobacco and tobacco-free nicotine pads, instead of including these products in one of the existing ones. Changes to the Tobacco Excise Directive may create a large administrative and financial burden for the implementation of a new system, although these funds could be directed to the control of legal and illegal consumption. Therefore, the study clarifies the existing situation and impact of excise tax on alternative tobacco products, as well as weighed policy development opportunities in order to understand whether changes in the tobacco excise directive are justified and necessary.