The chapter illustrates energy transition processes in Latvia with several examples. Two Latvian cities with different characteristics are chosen as example sites - the national capital, Riga, and the relatively smaller municipality and city of Kuldīga. Both cities are rich in cultural heritage, but in the case of Riga, the question of the future use of the modernism-era building heritage is also essential. In the case of heritage buildings and modernist structures, the issue of improving the energy efficiency of buildings is relevant. Still, in each case, there are different, more specific issues to be addressed and different approaches to be taken. The chapter gives an insight into the planned activities of municipalities, both in providing energy transition processes in general and in implementing support measures for improving the thermal performance of buildings, and illustrates theoretical studies on improving the energy performance of buildings, not only for individual buildings but also at the scale of a city block, looking for ways to achieve near-zero energy balance in a historic urban situation. The examples presented in the chapter also demonstrate the importance of cooperation between different stakeholders for successfully facilitating energy transition processes.