The Thesis explores strategies to improve microbial protein synthesis, focusing on optimising fermentation processes and applying random mutagenesis. A database of amino acid biosynthesis inhibitors has been created, detailing their specificity, targeted amino acids, effects on microbial growth, treatment dosages, side effects, and usage conditions. A multi-criteria decision analysis of amino acid biosynthesis inhibitors was performed, accompanied by a comprehensive description of the materials, procedures, and equipment utilised in the experiments. Findings from the multi-criteria analysis and experimental studies are presented, highlighting the successful development of mutant strains with enhanced synthesis of essential amino acids. The amino acid profiles of the generated mutants were analysed and compared with those of the wild-type strain and single-cell protein-producing yeasts.