The study's objective is to conduct a parametric analysis of the components of the building's heat balance, and a parametric analysis of heat flows in buildings with different thermal and physical properties. To this end, a non-stationary multi-zone energy model of a multi-story building was developed, which was then utilized to ascertain the components of the energy balance of a pilot room under various temperature control regimes of the heating system, the massiveness of internal and exterior walls, the insulation of the exterior wall, and contingent on the purpose of the room. Two distinct types of building premises are distinguished: residential and commercial. The analysis revealed that representative rooms oriented towards the north exhibited a 34.8% higher energy consumption for heating needs when compared to rooms oriented towards the south for walls comprising a single brick and a 38.3% higher energy consumption for walls composed of three bricks. Implementing intermittent heating modes has been shown to reduce heat energy consumption by 13.8% and 14.6% for a one-brick exterior wall and 18.2% and 19.9% for a three-brick exterior wall, respectively, for residential and public buildings. The impact of altering the massiveness of internal walls on overall energy consumption is negligible. In contrast, the insulation of exterior walls and replacing windows with more energy-efficient ones exhibit a greater potential for reducing energy consumption in a building. A south-facing model with a constant heating mode in January demonstrated a 39.2% reduction in energy consumption for heating compared to a model lacking exterior wall insulation. Implementing additional intermittent heating modes can achieve energy savings of up to 22.3% for south-facing rooms and up to 21.4% for north-facing rooms. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the regulation of heating modes in buildings with distinct characteristics in terms of exterior and internal wall composition.