The Thesis is prepared as a collection of thematically related scientific publications dedicated to the functionalization of benzanthrones and anthraquinones and the analysis of their photophysical properties. It comprises six original scientific articles. The research focuses on developing new synthesis methods for benzanthrone and anthraquinone derivatives using nucleophilic aromatic substitution, Kabachnik–Fields, and Sonogashira reactions, expanding the range of fluorescent compounds. Additionally, it explores their luminescent properties and potential applications in fields such as bioimaging, nonlinear optics, and fluorescence technologies.