The Doctoral Thesis explores the potential of sustainable agricultural practices and the use of bioresources to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote climate neutrality. The research focuses on the agricultural sector, which significantly contributes to GHG emissions, and explores innovative approaches to improve resource efficiency. The research is structured in four areas: (1) comparative analysis of agricultural GHG emissions in European countries; (2) use of the TIMES model to analyse the use of bioresources in the Latvian agricultural sector; (3) development of thermal insulation materials based on agricultural residues and mycelium; and (4) comparison of the developed material with synthetic materials. This Thesis contributes significantly to the discussion on the development of sustainable agriculture and the efficient use of bioresources to mitigate the impact of climate change. The results of the paper can serve as a basis for further scientific research, as well as practical solutions, facilitating the transition to a more environmentally friendly and resource-efficient agricultural sector.