The creation of artificial organs and substitutes for biological tissue and systems is one of the most vital problems of biomechanics. Various biomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite, titanium, Ti-Al-V alloy, polyethylene, composites based on porous nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen, biocomposites with different hydroxyapatite-collagen ratios as well as many others, play an important role in the creation of artificial materials for replacing the bone tissue. In the present study, a procedure is described for obtaining natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) from bonetissue of cattle. The structure of bone tissue before and after deproteinization was investigated by the method of optical microscopy. Some characteristics of the cattle bone tissue and NHAp have been examined because of their potential to be used as bone substitutes.