Nanotechnology is technology and science field, in which is explored the nanometer – sized structures. Now it very rapidly develops, especially in the field of nanomaterials, which creates a necessity for efficient and cost – effective nanofibres extraction methods, including from natural materials. Studies of natural materials in nanofibres extraction technology and using field are a topical because: in the world non-renewable resources are decreasing, people increase interest in sustainable and biodegradable materials and nanofibres provide broad and varied possibilities to the different articles. In recent years, has increased the importance of natural fibers, because they can help to find new and sustainable solutions. Cellulose is one of the most common natural polymers on the planet, and it is the main component of plant cell wall, therefore these resources are updated regularly. Since the properties of nanofibres ensure their application in nanobiocomposites, automotive, geotextile and elsewhere, then are looking for such extraction methods to be effective and successful integrated not only in laboratories but also in production. Currently, the most common method used is dew – retting and water – retting, fermentation, nanofibre isolation by heat treatment in alkali solution, the steam explosion technique etc. Thanks to the properties of nanofibres and technology, cellulose nanofibres are predicted enormous prospects in the future.