The micro- and nano-scale cellulosic fibres are attractive as replacement for man-made fibre reinforcement in green products friendly to the environment green chemistry, eco-efficiency, industrial ecology, and sustainability being the guidelines of the development of next-generation materials, processes, and products. Hemp (Cannabis sativa) suitable for Latvian climate is one of fastest growing plants with a potential in a number of industrial areas. Shives, the woody core particles of the hemp stems left after removal of bast fibres, are used for livestock bedding, mulch, chemical absorbents and industrial insulating building materials such as “hempcrete” while hemp fibre remains the main and most widely appliedsource material.Therefore, it is important to find new applications for shives comprising 80 % of the plant biomass. Several methods generally based on successive chemicaland mechanical treatmentsare used to extract highly purified micro-fibrils from the plant cell wall. The steam explosion (SE) auto-hydrolysis is currently comprehensively studied as a promising pre-treatment technique.