This paper presents the assessment of possible impact of the European Union Directive 2012/34/EU implementation in Latvia. The aim of the paper is to find out how the Directive-detected rail system efficiency improvement measures are attributive for the Latvian rail market distinctions and to predict a possible impact to the state finances. The research is based on hypothetical-deductive procedures and the system object oriented analysis of highly cited relevant literature. It was concluded that consistent European Union transport policy can induce sufficient impact to the state budget, but the relevant economical effect could not be achieved. The obtained results should be considered in national transport development plans and state budget planning.