This Doctoral Thesis is devoted to the research question of transition to a low-carbon road transport system by 2030 and beyond. Current development has shown that policy interventions are needed to speed up the shift from existing fossil fuel dependent transport systems to energy efficient and environmentally-sound transport in the future. The aim of the Thesis is to perform an integrated analysis of low-carbon transition policies in the road transport sector. The research question is addressed through application of a multi-scale transport planning approach aimed at policy evaluation at four different levels – international, national, local, and sectoral.