The Doctoral Thesis is devoted to governmentally important theme: development of one biotechonomy industry. Sustainability of pellet production is analysed not only in company level, but also in economic sector level. The Doctoral Thesis consists of four tasks, where, one by one, pellet production operation energy consumption analysis options and usefulness of energy efficiency increase activities are discovered, but, on the other side, the future of pellet production in national level is predicted. 1. task is to develop a set of operation indicators for pellet production unit, implement and analyse usefulness of benchmarking methodology in a company. 2. task is to analyse equipment operation indicators of pellet production unit and determine their weak spots. 3. task was to develop methodology, to establish energy management and analyse possible technological improvements. 4. task was to predict pellet production development and analyse its sustainability at country level using system dynamic model. Scientific novelty of the Thesis is proved by energy management angularity illustration, that is based on mutually integrated pellet production unit factor analysis method. It is very important, that these units would be energy efficient and would use innovative approaches to save energy resources. One of approaches is energy management of the company, that starts with the use of benchmarking method. Decrease of energy consumption in pellet production unit is possible in several levels: inner energy management of the company – activities performed and to be made inside the company and rating of external factor effects – on economic sectors, whose development effect sustainability of the pellet production unit operation. Energy consumption decrease in pellet plant can be made in several levels. Energy consumption analysis is based on internal energy management of a company: • by monitoring: regularly following operation parameters of a company; • by development, choice and realization of improvement technologies: working by an international energy management standard ISO 50001:2011; • by analysing results after collecting and handling data that describe existing situation in a company. External factor analysis is based on government legislation regarding development of power sector: • by development of pellet market, that adds value to local biomass; • by replacing fossil fuels due to economic reasons and effects on climate change; • by using different proportions of renewable energy sources with innovative technological solutions; • by establishment of transport logistics, decreasing mileage of empty vehicles; • by economic situation in countries with developed forestry.