The paper explores primarily social economic aspects of sustainable land management that vary among the Baltic countries. Land and associated to it valuable resources form the basis for any land use, land development and land protection activities, and thus – provide social economic benefits. The study is related to supervision of enforcement of the regulatory enactments that should be suitable to both the particular social economic distinctions and traditions. Political, ecological and technological aspects also influence sustainable land management, but in this study emphasises the social economic aspects. Various research methods are employed in the study: statistical, historical and logical approach, comparative analysis and synthesis methods are selected in the research. Finally, findings of the study show comparable key social economic indicators as well as prerequisites and proposals for sustainable land management activities within the framework of the Baltic countries. The cross–border discussions lead to applications of comparative advantage theory.