The paper analyses the key political and economic issues associated with formation of national doctrine of energy security in Ukraine under uncertain external and internal environment. Energy security is the key element of the overall national security and that is why currently the issues of energy security assume global character. In the end, the key strategic directions and policies for improving energy security in Ukraine are specified. Implementation of these policies will help ensure the reliability and efficiency of energy production and consumption as well as integration of Ukraine’s energy sector into global system of energy security. The successful realization of these tasks will contribute to the provision of reliability and effectiveness of the power supply and further innovation-oriented development of the fuel-power sector. The problem of energy resources supply has been the cornerstone of energy independence.