The present paper considers mechanical strength problems of wood pole electricity distribution overhead lines. The problem of supplying power economically is also discussed from the various aspects including comparison of different conductors for overhead lines (OHL). In the present work more detailed CAD models and finite elements as well as finite volume methods, realized in CAE software and vastly verified in engineering practice, are used to obtain more accurate results. Firstly, simulations of air flow in cases of different shape of forest cutouts are conducted to evaluate wind loads acting on OHL components as well as on conifer and foliage trees grown along OHL footpath. Thermo and ice loads of the conductors are also taken into account. Two conductor types are analyzed: bare cables consisting of stranded aluminium wires and reinforced aluminum cables with a steel core which are typically used in medium voltage OHL. To obtain results with the appropriate computer resources, the equivalent characteristics (elastic modulus, etc.) of wires are identified by conducting physical experiments on a testing machine as well as by solution of a nonlinear contact problem for conductor consisting of a steel core and stranding aluminum wires. Buckling analysis of different types of trees and OHL poles as well as frequency analysis are performed.