The purpose of the research is to explore the main factors which determine the effectiveness of the activities of the Arbitration Court of Health Insurance and Health Care of St. Petersburg. The object of research – the results of the work of the Arbitration Court of Health Insurance and Health Care. To achieve the goal, the following research methods have been used: questionnaires, the method of sociological research and descriptive method. By analysing scientific literature and the results of research conducted in foreign countries, the authors have identified the five indicators characterizing socio-economic importance of the Arbitration Court for public health in Saint Petersburg.