Physical factors (noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields, ionized radiation, etc.) may have a negative influence both on the environment and on the health of population. This study considers the methods and approaches to estimate the impact of physical factors on the health of population and environment. The analysis is performed and the approaches are provided to estimate the influence of physical pollutants on the human health in the Russian Federation. Principles of estimation of the combined impact of physical factors are described. New methods for the estimation of combined impact of physical factors on the functional state of man are suggested. The results of research allow drawing the following general conclusions: complex impact of physical factors on the human health and ecosystems may significantly increase the negative effect.