This study analyses the implications of the structure of financial system on country’s economic development. The aim of the paper is to analyse short-run and long-run causality between the structure of financial system and economic development. The following research methods were used: systemic, logical and comparative analysis of scientific literature; analysis of statistical data; time series model (Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model). The empirical results indicate positive short and long term very weak effect of financial system’s shift from bank-based to market-based on GDP per capita.