Liepājas pilsētas centra apbūves atjaunošanas koncepcija pēc otrā pasaules kara
Māksla un mūzika kultūras diskursā: IV starptautiskās zinātniski praktiskās konferences materiāli = Arts and Music in the Cultural Discourse: Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific and Prectical Conference 2015
Silvija Ozola

On June 17, 1940 the Soviet Army came into the Republic of Latvia and on July 21 the Soviet military power was restored. On August 5 Latvia was included in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Nationalization of properties and houses was started. During World War II the inhabitants’ peaceful life was interrupted by German aviation onslaught directed towards Liepaja on June 22, 1941. The German air raid from June 25 to 27 destroyed the buildings in the Exchange Square. In 1942 the centre building around the Rose Square and the Great Street was razed. After the battlefield operation on October 9–10, 1944 the troops of the German Army group “North” got into the encirclement or in the “Courland Couldron.” The front line was made thirty kilometres southwards from Liepaja. On December 14 and 21–22 during the Soviet air raid the “City Hotel,” museum building in the Alleé Square, buildings in Peldu Street and Kurhaus Avenue were destroyed. During the first post-war years war consequences were eliminated in the cities of Latvia: factories, public utilities and transport were restored and reconstructed. Master-plans or schemes, appropriate to socialism ideology, were developed for the reconstruction of the destroyed city buildings. The centre planning and construction was changed: wide streets and squares of a regular, symmetric planning were created for the placement of Lenin’s monument. The urban development in Latvia Soviet Socialist Republic was regulated by the regulations of urban development and building unified for the whole Soviet Union. The all-union standard projects were planned to be used in building. On May 10, 1945 the first Soviet employees’ operative group arrived in Liepaja. The Executive Committee of Liepaja City Board started its work. Liepaja became the city and regional centre of republican significance. Liepaja was divided into 26 departments and the technical headquarters were established. The renovation work was started, which starting from July 31 was organized step by step. Work groups of repairs and renovations were established, the work plan of development was made, the inventory was carried out for the plantings of trees and bushes, plans were made. In 1946 the traffic from the Victory (now Rose) Square to Naval Port and railway station was provided by a bus and tram. 84,000 people lived in Liepaja. The trade port, industry and railway hub promoted the increase of population. The Council of Ministers of LSSR encouraged to change the administrative-territorial division of Liepaja and to create three districts in Liepaja: in the northern part – the first district named after Stalin, in the central part – the second district named after Kirov, but in the south – the third district named after Lenin. It was considered that bringing party organizations closer to the workers’ districts will promote the work in factories and development of Liepaja. Vitaly Ivanov (1909–1964), the architect of the Republican architecture-planning workshop, worked out proposals for the development of Liepaja planning. It was planned to increase the population of Liepaja to 150,000 in 15–20 years. The social-economic specialization was supported – development of industry and transport. The main streets were widened up to 30–35 metres and transport highways were made. The formation of the administrative centre around the Victory Square was started. Blocks of flats (1945–1955) were built in blocks of a perimeter building. For residential building the percentage ration was preserved – three to four-storey buildings 35%, two-storey buildings 30%, and one-storey blocked and individual buildings 35%. The norm of the accepted residential area was 12 m², but in the first round – 9 m². The Parade Ground was made and permanent rostrums were erected. In the first half of the fifties the style of the built gorgeous buildings was determined by the idea to create architecture that would be “socialistic in the content and national in the form.” However, most of the people lived in communal flats and dormitories. The problem of flats became very topical and construction was industrialized. Building of residential neighbourhoods and public objects was started. An urban environment appropriate to socialism ideology was created.


Atslēgas vārdi
building, planning restoration, development conception, standard project, socialism.
Hipersaite
www.ru.lv

Ozola, S. Liepājas pilsētas centra apbūves atjaunošanas koncepcija pēc otrā pasaules kara. No: Māksla un mūzika kultūras diskursā: IV starptautiskās zinātniski praktiskās konferences materiāli = Arts and Music in the Cultural Discourse: Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific and Prectical Conference, Latvija, Rēzekne, 24.-25. septembris, 2015. Rēzekne: Rēzeknes Augstskola, 2015, 157.-173.lpp. ISBN 978-9984-44-183-2. ISSN 2256-022X.

Publikācijas valoda
Latvian (lv)
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