This monograph is devoted to the research question of transition to a low-carbon road transport system by 2030 and beyond with the aim to speed up the shift from the existing fossil fuel dependent transport systems to energy efficient and environmentally-sound transport in the future. An integrated analysis of low-carbon transition policies in the road transport sector is performed in the monograph. The research presents a number of novel approaches previously not used in transport policy planning in Latvia, including creation and approbation of two original computer-based energy-economy simulation models and a techno-economic evaluation of waste-to-energy concept application at a local level. The results are beneficial for national and local governmental authorities as well as transport industry participants to support the decision making process and initiate broader discussion between the parties involved.