As opposed to single-parametric ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements, a multi-parametric approach is proposed for assessment of the condition of constructional materials and early stages of its degradation. The method is based on acquisition of ultrasonic signals by stepwise profiling of the material surface at several frequencies in the range from 80 to 300 kHz. The analysis of the obtained 2D spatio-temporal waveform profiles allows us to extract case-specific parameters and features informative of deterioration. The parameters include group and phase velocities of head and surface Rayleigh waves, damping and dispersion of signals, frequency slope of attenuation, intensity distribution parameters in the spatio-temporal waveform profiles processed as images. Sensitivity of the method was confirmed in three use cases, including: a) surface quality in frost resistant concrete with rubber admixtures during freeze-thaw cycles; b) local structural deteriorations in refractory concrete subjected to high temperature; c) appearance of porosity in pultruded composite profiles due to inappropriate curing regimes.