The Effects of Air-Entraining Agent on Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D Concrete
Journal of Composites Science 2022
Ella Spuriņa, Māris Šinka, Krists Ziemelis, Andris Vanags, Diāna Bajāre

3D concrete printing (3DCP) is becoming more common in the construction industry nowadays, however, the aspect of durability of printed concrete is not well-studied yet. Frost resistance is a very important factor for durability of concrete structures located in northern regions. Since air-entraining agents (AEAs) are widely used in conventional concrete, this paper focuses on ex-ploring the potential of using AEAs in 3D concrete as well – main objective is to determine how it affects fresh and hardened properties, including frost resistance of 3D concrete. Three different mixes were printed and cast – the dry mix consisted of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), limestone filler (LF), sand, as well as viscosity modifying agent (VMA) and superplasticizer (SP). Two mixes contained different amounts of AEA, the third one was used as reference. First, fresh state properties were tested – air content, density, and mini cone flow test. Second, 28-day compressive and flexural strength tests were carried out; bulk and particle densities were also determined. Next, both cast and printed concrete samples were subject to freeze-thaw cycles according to provisions of CEN/TS 12390-9, mass loss due to surface scaling was determined for each sample. As a result, printed concrete samples containing AEA in the amount of 0.06% of binder mass showed the highest frost resistance – addition of AEA decreased both flexural and compressive strength of this printed concrete mix by 30-40%. To conclude, the obtained results give an insight of how addition of AEA to printed concrete mix affects its properties both in long and short term. Further research of certain aspects, for instance, air-void system and pore distribution is needed to gain a deeper understanding on how to increase durability of 3D concrete.


Atslēgas vārdi
3DCP; AEA; limestone filer; flexural strength; compressive strength; freeze-thaw.
DOI
10.3390/jcs6100281
Hipersaite
https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/6/10/281

Spuriņa, E., Šinka, M., Ziemelis, K., Vanags, A., Bajāre, D. The Effects of Air-Entraining Agent on Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D Concrete. Journal of Composites Science, 2022, Vol. 6, No. 10, Article number 281. e-ISSN 2504-477X. Available from: doi:10.3390/jcs6100281

Publikācijas valoda
English (en)
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