Screening tests of supported commercial and prepared Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Ir, Au (5%), and Ni (5–65%) metal catalysts were conducted under one-pot solvent-free hydrotreating (HT) conditions to evaluate their activity, selectivity, and potential for renewable hydrocarbon (RH) production from rapeseed oil (RO). Catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and N2 sorption analysis. Composition of RO, liquid, and gaseous products were analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS, C, H, N, S elemental analysis, FT-IR, and GC-TCD. Full conversion of RO with RH yield up to 85% were achieved over most active supported commercial Ni (65%) and Re, Rh, Ru (5%) catalysts in short residence time (up to 10 min) under relatively mild reaction temperature 340 °C and initial H2 pressure 10 MPa. Noticeable effect of Ru catalysts on cleavage of -C-C- bond reactions make them promising for practical application in RH synthesis. Multi-function SiO2–Al2O3 supported Ru (5%) catalyst (Ru5SAp) prepared by developed simple method is perspective for wide molecular weight hydrocarbon production by –Cdouble bondC- hydrogenation, oxygen removal and cleavage of -C-C- bonds including ring opening reactions for structure modification of different raw materials – fats, oils, phenols, and fossil based feedstocks. Benzene, toluene, tetralin, guaiacol, and n-nonadecane were used as model compounds for investigation of catalytic effects. Ru5SAp possesses similar performance as most active supported commercial noble metal catalysts in HT process of RO. It is reusable up to three HT reaction cycles although deactivation of catalyst causes significant changes in obtained hydrocarbon composition.