In recent years, studies on the development of lignocellulose plastics (LCPs) on the basis of polymer and wood wastes have been recently under way. LCPs represent highly filled composites, containing organic fillers in quantities of up to 60%, and, with success, may be applied in machine-building and construction. Woodworking wastes (sawdust, chips, bark), wastes of rice and flax production, nutshells, as well as technical lignins, being wastes of the pulp-and-paper and hydrolysis processing of wood, can be used as a filler. Despite the high content of the filler, the LCP melt retains plasticity, characteristic for thermoplastics, and can be processed by the same processing methods. The majority of the proposed modes for the development of such type of the composites is based on the ion-radical or electrostatic mechanism of the interaction between the active groups of the introduced additive/filler and the oxidised fragments of the basic polymer leading to decreasing a content of hydrophilic functional groups in the end-used composite material.