The article reviews the historical path of the society of the Baltic countries during the 20th century – the time when culture, science and national institutions was in development in these countries. The author tells about the development of national language, education of society, establishment of educational system as well as statehood during the years of independence(after WWI). These were the decisive factors for national survivalduring the 50 years of the Soviet occupation. The research data and their analysis prove that Lithuanian Academy of Sciences was ) a safe place for the scientists who survived during the war; b)the centre providing favourable environment for educating the new generation of scientists;c)the place giving birth to the initiative to „silently“ blockade the so called „Soviet industrial colonialism“, the aim of which was to build gigantic enterprises with big numbers of workforce brought from Russia.