The thesis is devoted to the investigation and development of the transport control system applying adaptive control algorithms and embedded intelligent devices. The introduction contains the basis of the topicality of the subject in accordance with which the aim and objectives of the thesis are determined. The 1st chapter of the thesis is devoted to the investigation of the control system of the present rolling-stock unit of railway transport, description of adaptive, accurate and soft braking systems (APBS) elements and scheme of their interaction, general algorithm of this system operation as well as to the developed target function and hypothesis. The 2nd chapter of the thesis contains the development of adaptive self-learning algorithm for the rolling-stock physical motion parameters determining, investigation and development of adaptive searching algorithm for the motion parameters calculation, development of the mathematical model of rolling-stock motion and development of automatic control algorithm for train braking system and its description. The 3rd chapter of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of microprocessor devices application safety requirements in the railway control systems, to the development and application of embedded intelligent devices interface, elaboration of electric circuit of the suggested system and the computer model of interaction of the elements. The 4th chapter considers the examining of the developed mathematical and computer model in laboratory and then of the prototype under real operation conditions. The experimental results are statistically analysed in the 5th chapter. The final part of the thesis are the conclusions and recommendations for further research. The Doctoral Thesis is written in the Latvian language, contains introduction, 5 chapters, basic results and conclusions, list of references, 32 figures and illustrations, 22 tables, totally 155 pages. The list of references contains 207 items.