The aim of the proposed scientific research is to determine whether Latvia (particularly Riga) has a potential for the development of human capital based innovation ecosystem. The paper is based on the study of definitions, statistical data, and field analysis. The authors analyse and show the significance of innovation ecosystem for sustainable development of innovation in Latvia. A part of the research results was also presented in the project "Human Capital and Innovation: Employment Policies in Local and Regional Innovation Networks for Talent Attraction and Better Job Opportunities", funded by the INTERREG IVC programme. According to the research results, Riga has a good potential for attraction of local and foreign human capital and development of efficient innovation ecosystem.