A design of experiments based on the Taguchi method was used to evaluate the main parameters affecting the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution. By using adsorption capacity of textile dye as target response, several experiments were carried out using L27 orthogonal array, and the higher-the-better as quality characteristics was applied. The controlling factors, including initial dye concentration, contact time, and pH of solution were assessed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of each factor on the adsorption capacity. The optimum adsorption conditions giving higher adsorption capacity were selected: initial dye concentration 500 mg·L-1, contact time 180 min, and pH of solution - 2. The analysis results revealed that the most relevant factors affecting the adsorption process of textile dye are the initial dye concentration and pH of solution. After 3 cycles of thermal regeneration, diatomite behavior did not change, and more than 60% of dye was eliminated from solution after regeneration at 600 °C. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the Taguchi method was very successfully used to optimize of adsorption parameters for maximum removal rate and gives more credibility for industrial application.