The Analysis of Time Delays Stability in an FPGA-based Wave-Union Time-to-Digital Converter Core
2025 IEEE 12th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE 2025): Proceedings 2025
Jakovs Ratners, Artūrs Āboltiņš, Jacek Goczkowski, Marek Wojcikowski

Wave-union-based Time-to-Digital converters are one of the few emerging technologies that allow event time tagging in the range of a few picoseconds and below. So far, the most effort in implementing such a technology has been done using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) due to their logic reconfigurability and cost efficiency. The main component of a wave-union time-to-digital converter (TDC) is a tapped delay line (TDL) which consists of logic elements that act as fixed delays. Due to high dependency of FPGA on such factors as process-voltage-temperature (PVT) changes, clock-network jitter and device-to-device discrepancies, the behavior of delays of the logic elements over a course of measurements offer some degree of nonlinearity.This work focuses on the time delays quantization stability and effects of nonlinear delay distribution for a wave-union core developed for a Microchip’s IGLOO2, a general-purpose field-programmable gate array (FPGA). It is demonstrated that while controlling core voltage supply and external factors such as electro-static discharge (ESD) and temperature to be at a constant low level, the nonlinearity was still present in the processed data in the form of large random spikes, but the instability of estimated bin delays has decreased.


Atslēgas vārdi
Time-to-digital conversion, FPGA
DOI
10.1109/AIEEE66149.2025.11050763
Hipersaite
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11050763

Ratners, J., Āboltiņš, A., Goczkowski, J., Wojcikowski, M. The Analysis of Time Delays Stability in an FPGA-based Wave-Union Time-to-Digital Converter Core. No: 2025 IEEE 12th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE 2025): Proceedings, Lietuva, Vilnius, 15.-17. maijs, 2025. Piscataway: IEEE, 2025, 1.-4.lpp. ISBN 978-1-6654-6562-5. e-ISBN 978-1-6654-9688-9. ISSN 2689-7334. e-ISSN 2689-7342. Pieejams: doi:10.1109/AIEEE66149.2025.11050763

Publikācijas valoda
English (en)
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