Biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics are being combined in a variety of composite materials. Composites of polymers and ceramics are being developed with the aim to increase the mechanical scaffold stability and to improve tissue interaction. Due to the compositional similarity with bone, calcium phosphate-based biomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, Ca3(PO4)2), and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), a mixture of HAp and β-TCP, have received most attention for bone repair applications. Among the various calcium phosphate biomaterials used in orthopedic surgery, BCP is an important candidate of the bone substitutes that combines high mechanical strength, excellent bioactivity of HAp, and faster degradation rate of β-TCP.