A demand for materials to improve the quality of life concerns the innovative use of specially designed biomaterials for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged hard tissues. Calcium phosphates (CaP), such as hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate, are biocompatible, bioactive or bioresorbable and, thereby, considered to be promising bone replacement materials and are widely used in stomatology, cranio-maxillofacial and orthopaedic surgery. Researches goal is to select and/or combine CaP phase, chemical composition and microstructure to tailor their physicochemical properties and their stimulating effect on hard tissues regeneration for various biomedical applications. We have designed different CaP materials containing ionic substitutions such as Mg, Sr and/or F, which have been proposed as a tool to improve biological performance of CaP. The effort of researches is also put on production and characterization of nanocrystalline and amorphous CaP. Moreover, evaluation of modified CaP for enhancement of tooth enamel remineralisation has been performed